WITH 절

WITH <identifier> AS [MATERIALIZED] <subquery expression>

WITH cte_numbers AS
(
    SELECT
        num
    FROM generateRandom('num UInt64', NULL)
    LIMIT 1000000
)
SELECT
    count()
FROM cte_numbers
WHERE num IN (SELECT num FROM cte_numbers)

WITH <identifier> AS MATERIALIZED (<subquery>)
SELECT ...

SET enable_materialized_cte = 1;

CREATE TABLE users (uid Int16, name String, age Int16) ENGINE = Memory;
INSERT INTO users VALUES (1231, 'John', 33), (6666, 'Ksenia', 48), (8888, 'Alice', 50);

WITH
    a AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'Alice')
SELECT count() FROM a AS l JOIN a AS r ON l.uid = r.uid;

┌─count()─┐
│       1 │
└─────────┘

SET enable_materialized_cte = 1;

WITH cte_numbers AS MATERIALIZED
(
    SELECT num
    FROM generateRandom('num UInt64', NULL)
    LIMIT 1000000
)
SELECT count()
FROM cte_numbers
WHERE num IN (SELECT num FROM cte_numbers);

SET enable_materialized_cte = 1;

WITH
    a AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT uid, name FROM users),
    b AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT uid FROM a)
SELECT count() FROM b AS l LEFT SEMI JOIN b AS r ON l.uid = r.uid;

┌─count()─┐
│       3 │
└─────────┘

SET enable_materialized_cte = 1;

WITH
    b AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT uid FROM a),
    a AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT uid FROM users)
SELECT count() FROM b AS l LEFT SEMI JOIN b AS r ON l.uid = r.uid;

┌─count()─┐
│       3 │
└─────────┘

WITH <expression> AS <identifier>

WITH '2019-08-01 15:23:00' AS ts_upper_bound
SELECT *
FROM hits
WHERE
    EventDate = toDate(ts_upper_bound) AND
    EventTime <= ts_upper_bound;

WITH
    '.txt' as extension,
    (id, extension) -> concat(lower(id), extension) AS gen_name
SELECT gen_name('test', '.sql') as file_name;

   ┌─file_name─┐
1. │ test.sql  │
   └───────────┘

CREATE TABLE extension_list
(
    extension String
)
ORDER BY extension
AS SELECT '.sql';

WITH
    '.txt' as extension,
    generated_names as (
        WITH
            (id) -> concat(lower(id), extension) AS gen_name
        SELECT gen_name('test') as file_name FROM extension_list
    )
SELECT file_name FROM generated_names;

   ┌─file_name─┐
1. │ test.sql  │
   └───────────┘

WITH sum(bytes) AS s
SELECT
    formatReadableSize(s),
    table
FROM system.parts
GROUP BY table
ORDER BY s;

/* 이 예시는 가장 큰 테이블 상위 10개를 반환합니다 */
WITH
    (
        SELECT sum(bytes)
        FROM system.parts
        WHERE active
    ) AS total_disk_usage
SELECT
    (sum(bytes) / total_disk_usage) * 100 AS table_disk_usage,
    table
FROM system.parts
GROUP BY table
ORDER BY table_disk_usage DESC
LIMIT 10;

WITH test1 AS (SELECT i + 1, j + 1 FROM test1)
SELECT * FROM test1;

WITH RECURSIVE test_table AS (
    SELECT 1 AS number
UNION ALL
    SELECT number + 1 FROM test_table WHERE number < 100
)
SELECT sum(number) FROM test_table;

┌─sum(number)─┐
│        5050 │
└─────────────┘

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tree;
CREATE TABLE tree
(
    id UInt64,
    parent_id Nullable(UInt64),
    data String
) ENGINE = MergeTree ORDER BY id;

INSERT INTO tree VALUES (0, NULL, 'ROOT'), (1, 0, 'Child_1'), (2, 0, 'Child_2'), (3, 1, 'Child_1_1');

WITH RECURSIVE search_tree AS (
    SELECT id, parent_id, data
    FROM tree t
    WHERE t.id = 0
UNION ALL
    SELECT t.id, t.parent_id, t.data
    FROM tree t, search_tree st
    WHERE t.parent_id = st.id
)
SELECT * FROM search_tree;

┌─id─┬─parent_id─┬─data──────┐
│  0 │      ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │ ROOT      │
│  1 │         0 │ Child_1   │
│  2 │         0 │ Child_2   │
│  3 │         1 │ Child_1_1 │
└────┴───────────┴───────────┘

WITH RECURSIVE search_tree AS (
    SELECT id, parent_id, data, [t.id] AS path
    FROM tree t
    WHERE t.id = 0
UNION ALL
    SELECT t.id, t.parent_id, t.data, arrayConcat(path, [t.id])
    FROM tree t, search_tree st
    WHERE t.parent_id = st.id
)
SELECT * FROM search_tree ORDER BY path;

┌─id─┬─parent_id─┬─data──────┬─path────┐
│  0 │      ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │ ROOT      │ [0]     │
│  1 │         0 │ Child_1   │ [0,1]   │
│  3 │         1 │ Child_1_1 │ [0,1,3] │
│  2 │         0 │ Child_2   │ [0,2]   │
└────┴───────────┴───────────┴─────────┘

WITH RECURSIVE search_tree AS (
    SELECT id, parent_id, data, [t.id] AS path, toUInt64(0) AS depth
    FROM tree t
    WHERE t.id = 0
UNION ALL
    SELECT t.id, t.parent_id, t.data, arrayConcat(path, [t.id]), depth + 1
    FROM tree t, search_tree st
    WHERE t.parent_id = st.id
)
SELECT * FROM search_tree ORDER BY depth;

┌─id─┬─link─┬─data──────┬─path────┬─depth─┐
│  0 │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │ ROOT      │ [0]     │     0 │
│  1 │    0 │ Child_1   │ [0,1]   │     1 │
│  2 │    0 │ Child_2   │ [0,2]   │     1 │
│  3 │    1 │ Child_1_1 │ [0,1,3] │     2 │
└────┴──────┴───────────┴─────────┴───────┘

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS graph;
CREATE TABLE graph
(
    from UInt64,
    to UInt64,
    label String
) ENGINE = MergeTree ORDER BY (from, to);

INSERT INTO graph VALUES (1, 2, '1 -> 2'), (1, 3, '1 -> 3'), (2, 3, '2 -> 3'), (1, 4, '1 -> 4'), (4, 5, '4 -> 5');

WITH RECURSIVE search_graph AS (
    SELECT from, to, label FROM graph g
    UNION ALL
    SELECT g.from, g.to, g.label
    FROM graph g, search_graph sg
    WHERE g.from = sg.to
)
SELECT DISTINCT * FROM search_graph ORDER BY from;

┌─from─┬─to─┬─label──┐
│    1 │  4 │ 1 -> 4 │
│    1 │  2 │ 1 -> 2 │
│    1 │  3 │ 1 -> 3 │
│    2 │  3 │ 2 -> 3 │
│    4 │  5 │ 4 -> 5 │
└──────┴────┴────────┘

INSERT INTO graph VALUES (5, 1, '5 -> 1');

WITH RECURSIVE search_graph AS (
    SELECT from, to, label FROM graph g
UNION ALL
    SELECT g.from, g.to, g.label
    FROM graph g, search_graph sg
    WHERE g.from = sg.to
)
SELECT DISTINCT * FROM search_graph ORDER BY from;

Code: 306. DB::Exception: Received from localhost:9000. DB::Exception: Maximum recursive CTE evaluation depth (1000) exceeded, during evaluation of search_graph AS (SELECT from, to, label FROM graph AS g UNION ALL SELECT g.from, g.to, g.label FROM graph AS g, search_graph AS sg WHERE g.from = sg.to). Consider raising max_recursive_cte_evaluation_depth setting.: While executing RecursiveCTESource. (TOO_DEEP_RECURSION)

WITH RECURSIVE search_graph AS (
    SELECT from, to, label, false AS is_cycle, [tuple(g.from, g.to)] AS path FROM graph g
UNION ALL
    SELECT g.from, g.to, g.label, has(path, tuple(g.from, g.to)), arrayConcat(sg.path, [tuple(g.from, g.to)])
    FROM graph g, search_graph sg
    WHERE g.from = sg.to AND NOT is_cycle
)
SELECT * FROM search_graph WHERE is_cycle ORDER BY from;

┌─from─┬─to─┬─label──┬─is_cycle─┬─path──────────────────────┐
│    1 │  4 │ 1 -> 4 │ true     │ [(1,4),(4,5),(5,1),(1,4)] │
│    4 │  5 │ 4 -> 5 │ true     │ [(4,5),(5,1),(1,4),(4,5)] │
│    5 │  1 │ 5 -> 1 │ true     │ [(5,1),(1,4),(4,5),(5,1)] │
└──────┴────┴────────┴──────────┴───────────────────────────┘

WITH RECURSIVE test_table AS (
    SELECT 1 AS number
UNION ALL
    SELECT number + 1 FROM test_table
)
SELECT sum(number) FROM (SELECT number FROM test_table LIMIT 100);

┌─sum(number)─┐
│        5050 │
└─────────────┘

WITH
    (SELECT sum(number) FROM numbers(10)) AS total,
    total * 2 AS doubled,
SELECT total, doubled;